Improving Smokeless Tobacco Risk Awareness via Quitline in Ebonyi State

Abstract

Smokeless tobacco encompasses a range of products consumed without combustion, typically through chewing, dipping, or sniffing. Despite its various forms, it is often perceived as less harmful than smoked tobacco. In Ebonyi State, Nigeria, the use of smokeless tobacco remains prevalent, compounded by low public awareness of its associated health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone‐based quitline intervention in enhancing knowledge about the harmful effects of smokeless tobacco among local residents. A quasi‐experimental design was adopted to assess the impact of a quitline intervention on participants’ knowledge levels. Participants were divided into intervention and control groups. Baseline and follow‐up assessments were conducted using structured questionnaires. Knowledge scores were categorized as poor (<50%) or good (=50%). Independent samples t‐tests were used to analyze differences in mean scores between the two groups before and after the intervention. Following the intervention, a significant increase in awareness was observed in the intervention group. The number of participants recognizing the harmful effects of smokeless tobacco rose from 19 (31.7%) at baseline to 52 (86.7%) post‐intervention (p < 0.001). Those with good knowledge increased from 0 (0.0%) to 36 (60.0%). In contrast, the control group showed a minimal improvement, with good knowledge increasing from 0 (0.0%) to 7 (11.7%).The quitline intervention proved effective in significantly enhancing knowledge about the health risks of smokeless tobacco. Broader engagement with traditional leaders and community stakeholders is recommended to sustain and expand awareness efforts.